@prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix skos: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix bibo: . @prefix cc: . @prefix vann: . @prefix sh: . @prefix arch: . @prefix am4vp: . @prefix : . ################################################################# # Linked.Archi ArchiMate 4.0 Questions # # Questions ArchiMate 4.0 stakeholders ask of a model, bound to the # concerns the ArchiMate 4.0 viewpoints frame (am4vp:ImpactOfChange, # am4vp:Completeness …) and to the viewpoints they fit, so a modelling # tool offers them beside an open view and a deliverable section asks # them for a concern. Written as the core questions are (see # arch:ModelQuestion). # # Domain membership is read from the ArchiMate 4.0 domain classes # (am4:ApplicationDomainElement …). A set of types under a class is # read once per query, in two steps — the types under it within each # document, then their specialisations in any document — so a model's # own specialisation of an ArchiMate type counts where that type does. ################################################################# a arch:QuestionSet ; cc:license "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" ; vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://meta.linked.archi/archimate4/questions#" ; vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "am4q" ; dcterms:creator "Kalin Maldzhanski"^^xsd:string ; dcterms:title "Linked.Archi ArchiMate 4.0 Questions"@en ; dcterms:description '''Questions ArchiMate 4.0 stakeholders ask of a model — impact of change, application dependencies, data access, responsibilities, realisation and traceability — and the findings that show where a concern the ArchiMate 4.0 viewpoints frame is not met. Each is executable SPARQL (see arch:ModelQuestion).'''@en ; dcterms:created "2026-10-27"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-10-27"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:publisher "Linked.Archi"@en, ; bibo:status "draft" ; owl:versionInfo "0.1.0" ; sh:declare [ sh:prefix "arch" ; sh:namespace "https://meta.linked.archi/core#"^^xsd:anyURI ], [ sh:prefix "rdf" ; sh:namespace "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"^^xsd:anyURI ], [ sh:prefix "rdfs" ; sh:namespace "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"^^xsd:anyURI ], [ sh:prefix "skos" ; sh:namespace "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"^^xsd:anyURI ], [ sh:prefix "am4" ; sh:namespace "https://meta.linked.archi/archimate4/onto#"^^xsd:anyURI ] ; . # ── Orientation ───────────────────────────────────────────────── :elements-by-domain a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/elements-by-domain" ; skos:prefLabel "How is the model spread over the ArchiMate domains?"@en ; dcterms:description "Elements counted by ArchiMate 4.0 domain, read from the domain classes their types specialise, so specialisations count where they belong."@en ; arch:answers "One row per domain, with the number of elements in it."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Balance. Behaviour of the common domain (process, function, service, event, role …) is counted under am4:CommonDomainElement, because ArchiMate 4.0 gives it no domain of its own."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:OrientationStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ReductionOfComplexity, am4vp:Completeness ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:LayeredViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelAndMetamodelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "domains" ; arch:defaultLimit 50 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:model ; sh:name "model" ; sh:class arch:Model ; sh:optional true ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "The model to count. A modelling tool binds the open model; a deliverable, the model it is produced from."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?domain (COUNT(DISTINCT ?element) AS ?elements) WHERE { # Each domain's types, read once. { SELECT DISTINCT ?domain ?type WHERE { VALUES ?domain { am4:StrategyElement am4:MotivationElement am4:BusinessDomainElement am4:ApplicationDomainElement am4:TechnologyDomainElement am4:ImplementationAndMigrationDomainElement am4:CommonDomainElement } { ?domainType rdfs:subClassOf* ?domain } UNION { GRAPH ?ontologyGraph { ?domainType rdfs:subClassOf* ?domain } } { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?domainType } UNION { GRAPH ?specialisationGraph { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?domainType } } } } ?element rdf:type ?type ; arch:inModel ?model . } GROUP BY ?domain ORDER BY DESC(?elements) """ ; . # ── Analysis ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── :cross-domain-relationships a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/cross-domain-relationships" ; skos:prefLabel "Which relationships cross domains, and of which kind?"@en ; dcterms:description "Relationships whose ends are in different ArchiMate 4.0 domains, counted by pair of domains and relationship type. The domains are read from the domain classes, not from type names."@en ; arch:answers "One row per source domain, relationship type and target domain, with the number of relationships."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Coupling. Relationships touching elements of the common domain are not counted: ArchiMate 4.0 assigns those no domain, so whether they cross one is undefined."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:Consistency, am4vp:ImpactOfChange ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:LayeredViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelAndMetamodelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "crossings" ; arch:defaultLimit 200 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?sourceDomain ?relationshipType ?targetDomain (COUNT(DISTINCT ?relationship) AS ?relationships) WHERE { ?relationship arch:source ?source ; arch:target ?target ; rdf:type ?relationshipType . FILTER(?relationshipType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?relationshipType WHERE { { ?relationshipType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?relationshipType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } ?source rdf:type ?sourceType . ?target rdf:type ?targetType . { SELECT DISTINCT ?sourceDomain ?sourceType WHERE { VALUES ?sourceDomain { am4:StrategyElement am4:MotivationElement am4:BusinessDomainElement am4:ApplicationDomainElement am4:TechnologyDomainElement am4:ImplementationAndMigrationDomainElement } { ?sourceDomainType rdfs:subClassOf* ?sourceDomain } UNION { GRAPH ?sourceOntologyGraph { ?sourceDomainType rdfs:subClassOf* ?sourceDomain } } { ?sourceType rdfs:subClassOf* ?sourceDomainType } UNION { GRAPH ?sourceSpecialisationGraph { ?sourceType rdfs:subClassOf* ?sourceDomainType } } } } { SELECT DISTINCT ?targetDomain ?targetType WHERE { VALUES ?targetDomain { am4:StrategyElement am4:MotivationElement am4:BusinessDomainElement am4:ApplicationDomainElement am4:TechnologyDomainElement am4:ImplementationAndMigrationDomainElement } { ?targetDomainType rdfs:subClassOf* ?targetDomain } UNION { GRAPH ?targetOntologyGraph { ?targetDomainType rdfs:subClassOf* ?targetDomain } } { ?targetType rdfs:subClassOf* ?targetDomainType } UNION { GRAPH ?targetSpecialisationGraph { ?targetType rdfs:subClassOf* ?targetDomainType } } } } FILTER(?sourceDomain != ?targetDomain) } GROUP BY ?sourceDomain ?relationshipType ?targetDomain ORDER BY DESC(?relationships) """ ; . :responsibility-assignments a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/responsibility-assignments" ; skos:prefLabel "Who is responsible for what?"@en ; dcterms:description "Assignment relationships: which actor, role, collaboration, component or node performs which behaviour or plays which role."@en ; arch:answers "One row per assignment, with both ends and their types."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Accountability in the RACI sense. An ArchiMate assignment states who performs, not who answers for the outcome."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:CompetenciesAuthorityResponsibilities, am4vp:Responsibilities ; arch:questionTargetsStakeholder am4vp:ProcessArchitect, am4vp:Manager ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:OrganizationViewpoint, am4vp:ProcessCooperationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "assignments" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?performer ?performerLabel ?performerType ?assignment ?assigned ?assignedLabel ?assignedType WHERE { ?assignment rdf:type am4:Assignment ; arch:source ?performer ; arch:target ?assigned . ?performer rdf:type ?performerType . ?assigned rdf:type ?assignedType . FILTER(?performerType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) FILTER(?assignedType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?performerType WHERE { { ?performerType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?performerType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?assignedType WHERE { { ?assignedType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?assignedType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } OPTIONAL { ?performer skos:prefLabel ?performerLabel . FILTER(lang(?performerLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?performerLabel), "en")) } OPTIONAL { ?assigned skos:prefLabel ?assignedLabel . FILTER(lang(?assignedLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?assignedLabel), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?performerLabel ?assignedLabel """ ; . :application-dependencies a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/application-dependencies" ; skos:prefLabel "Which applications depend on which?"@en ; dcterms:description "Application components that serve, flow to or trigger one another, directly or through a service one realises and the other is served by."@en ; arch:answers "One row per dependency: the provider, how it provides, the relationship or service between, and the consumer."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Runtime coupling or data volume. A modelled flow says that information moves, not how much or how often."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ApplicationDependencies, am4vp:ServiceOrchestration ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:ApplicationCooperationViewpoint, am4vp:ApplicationUsageViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "applicationDependencies" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?provider ?providerLabel ?how ?via ?consumer ?consumerLabel WHERE { # From the relationships to their ends, each branch checking its own: never every pair of components. { VALUES ?linkType { am4:Serving am4:Flow am4:Triggering } ?via rdf:type ?linkType ; arch:source ?provider ; arch:target ?consumer . ?provider rdf:type am4:ApplicationComponent . ?consumer rdf:type am4:ApplicationComponent . BIND(REPLACE(STR(?linkType), "^.*[#/]", "") AS ?how) } UNION { ?via rdf:type am4:Service ; am4:serves ?consumer . ?consumer rdf:type am4:ApplicationComponent . ?provider am4:realizes ?via . ?provider rdf:type am4:ApplicationComponent . BIND("realises a service serving" AS ?how) } FILTER(?provider != ?consumer) OPTIONAL { ?provider skos:prefLabel ?providerLabel . FILTER(lang(?providerLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?providerLabel), "en")) } OPTIONAL { ?consumer skos:prefLabel ?consumerLabel . FILTER(lang(?consumerLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?consumerLabel), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?providerLabel ?consumerLabel """ ; . :data-access a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/data-access" ; skos:prefLabel "Who reads and writes which information?"@en ; dcterms:description "Access relationships by kind: ArchiMate 4.0 types the kind (am4:ReadAccess, am4:WriteAccess, am4:ReadWriteAccess, and am4:Access when it is not stated)."@en ; arch:answers "One row per access: what accesses, the kind of access, and the object accessed."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Ownership of the data. Write access is not mastery; arch:masterDataSource says where that is recorded."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:InformationStructure, am4vp:Consistency ; arch:questionTargetsStakeholder am4vp:InformationArchitect ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:InformationStructureViewpoint, am4vp:ApplicationCooperationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "access" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?accessor ?accessorLabel ?access ?accessKind ?object ?objectLabel ?objectType WHERE { VALUES ?accessKind { am4:Access am4:ReadAccess am4:WriteAccess am4:ReadWriteAccess } ?access rdf:type ?accessKind ; arch:source ?accessor ; arch:target ?object . ?object rdf:type ?objectType . FILTER(?objectType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?objectType WHERE { { ?objectType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?objectType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } OPTIONAL { ?accessor skos:prefLabel ?accessorLabel . FILTER(lang(?accessorLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?accessorLabel), "en")) } OPTIONAL { ?object skos:prefLabel ?objectLabel . FILTER(lang(?objectLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?objectLabel), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?objectLabel ?accessKind ?accessorLabel """ ; . :impact-of-change a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/impact-of-change" ; skos:prefLabel "What is affected if this element changes?"@en ; dcterms:description "Everything that depends on the element, transitively, by ArchiMate's dependency relationships: what it serves, realises or is assigned to, and what accesses it."@en ; arch:answers "One row per element that depends on the element, directly or through others."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "That each is broken by the change. Dynamic relationships (flow, triggering) and structure (composition, aggregation) are not followed, and a dependency may tolerate the change."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ImpactOfChange, am4vp:Dependencies ; arch:questionTargetsStakeholder am4vp:EnterpriseArchitect, am4vp:ApplicationArchitect, am4vp:InfrastructureArchitect ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:LayeredViewpoint, am4vp:TechnologyUsageViewpoint, am4vp:ApplicationCooperationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "impacted" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:focus ; sh:name "focus" ; sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:optional false ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "The element that changes. A modelling tool binds the selected element; a deliverable, the element it is produced for."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?impacted ?label ?type WHERE { ?focus (am4:serves|am4:realizes|am4:assignedTo|^am4:accesses)+ ?impacted . FILTER(?impacted != ?focus) FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?impacted arch:source ?anySource } ?impacted rdf:type ?type . FILTER(?type NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?type WHERE { { ?type arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?type arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } OPTIONAL { ?impacted skos:prefLabel ?label . FILTER(lang(?label) = "" || langMatches(lang(?label), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?type ?label """ ; . :capability-realisation a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/capability-realisation" ; skos:prefLabel "What realises each capability?"@en ; dcterms:description "Capabilities with the behaviour, active structure or resources that realise them."@en ; arch:answers "One row per capability and what realises it; a capability nothing realises appears once, with nothing beside it."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Maturity. That a capability is realised says it is delivered somehow, not how well."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:StrategyDevelopment, am4vp:ArchitectureStrategy ; arch:questionTargetsStakeholder am4vp:BusinessArchitect, am4vp:CxO ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:CapabilityMapViewpoint, am4vp:StrategyViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "capabilities" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?capability ?capabilityLabel ?realizer ?realizerLabel ?realizerType WHERE { ?capability rdf:type am4:Capability . OPTIONAL { ?realizer am4:realizes ?capability ; rdf:type ?realizerType . FILTER(?realizerType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?realizerType WHERE { { ?realizerType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?realizerType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } OPTIONAL { ?realizer skos:prefLabel ?realizerLabel . FILTER(lang(?realizerLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?realizerLabel), "en")) } } OPTIONAL { ?capability skos:prefLabel ?capabilityLabel . FILTER(lang(?capabilityLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?capabilityLabel), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?capabilityLabel ?realizerLabel """ ; . :stakeholder-motivation a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/stakeholder-motivation" ; skos:prefLabel "What do stakeholders care about?"@en ; dcterms:description "Stakeholders and the motivation elements (drivers, assessments, goals, outcomes, principles, requirements, values, meanings) they are related to, in either direction."@en ; arch:answers "One row per relationship between a stakeholder and a motivation element."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Priority. That a stakeholder is associated with a goal does not rank it among their concerns."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ArchitectureMission, am4vp:Motivation ; arch:questionTargetsStakeholder am4vp:BusinessManager, am4vp:EnterpriseArchitect ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:StakeholderViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "stakeholderMotivation" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?stakeholder ?stakeholderLabel ?direction ?predicate ?motivation ?motivationLabel ?motivationType WHERE { VALUES ?predicate { am4:associatedWith am4:influences am4:realizes am4:aggregates am4:composedOf } VALUES ?motivationType { am4:Stakeholder am4:Driver am4:Assessment am4:Goal am4:Outcome am4:Principle am4:Requirement am4:Meaning am4:Value } ?stakeholder rdf:type am4:Stakeholder . { ?stakeholder ?predicate ?motivation . BIND("outgoing" AS ?direction) } UNION { ?motivation ?predicate ?stakeholder . BIND("incoming" AS ?direction) } ?motivation rdf:type ?motivationType . OPTIONAL { ?stakeholder skos:prefLabel ?stakeholderLabel . FILTER(lang(?stakeholderLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?stakeholderLabel), "en")) } OPTIONAL { ?motivation skos:prefLabel ?motivationLabel . FILTER(lang(?motivationLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?motivationLabel), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?stakeholderLabel ?direction ?motivationLabel """ ; . :requirement-traceability a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/requirement-traceability" ; skos:prefLabel "How does each requirement trace to goals and to the elements that realise it?"@en ; dcterms:description "Requirements with what realises them, below, and the goals, outcomes and principles they realise or influence, above, as a list of links."@en ; arch:answers "One row per traced link: the requirement, the direction, the predicate and the element at the other end."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Verification. A realisation relationship is a design claim; it does not show the requirement is met."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ArchitectureTactics, am4vp:Motivation ; arch:questionTargetsStakeholder am4vp:RequirementsManager, am4vp:BusinessAnalyst ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:RequirementsRealizationViewpoint, am4vp:GoalRealizationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "traceability" ; arch:defaultLimit 1000 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?requirement ?requirementLabel ?direction ?predicate ?other ?otherLabel ?otherType WHERE { ?requirement rdf:type am4:Requirement . { ?other am4:realizes ?requirement . BIND(am4:realizes AS ?predicate) BIND("realised by" AS ?direction) } UNION { VALUES ?predicate { am4:realizes am4:influences } ?requirement ?predicate ?other . BIND("contributes to" AS ?direction) } ?other rdf:type ?otherType . FILTER(?otherType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?otherType WHERE { { ?otherType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?otherType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } OPTIONAL { ?requirement skos:prefLabel ?requirementLabel . FILTER(lang(?requirementLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?requirementLabel), "en")) } OPTIONAL { ?other skos:prefLabel ?otherLabel . FILTER(lang(?otherLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?otherLabel), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?requirementLabel ?direction ?otherLabel """ ; . :principle-rationale a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/principle-rationale" ; skos:prefLabel "What motivates each principle, and what does it constrain?"@en ; dcterms:description "Principles with the elements they relate to in either direction: the drivers and goals behind them, the requirements that realise them."@en ; arch:answers "One row per relationship between a principle and another element."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Compliance. A requirement realising a principle states an intent, not that designs follow it."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ArchitecturePolicies, am4vp:Motivation ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:MotivationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "principles" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?principle ?principleLabel ?direction ?predicate ?other ?otherLabel ?otherType WHERE { VALUES ?predicate { am4:realizes am4:influences am4:associatedWith } ?principle rdf:type am4:Principle . { ?principle ?predicate ?other . BIND("outgoing" AS ?direction) } UNION { ?other ?predicate ?principle . BIND("incoming" AS ?direction) } ?other rdf:type ?otherType . FILTER(?otherType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?otherType WHERE { { ?otherType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?otherType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } OPTIONAL { ?principle skos:prefLabel ?principleLabel . FILTER(lang(?principleLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?principleLabel), "en")) } OPTIONAL { ?other skos:prefLabel ?otherLabel . FILTER(lang(?otherLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?otherLabel), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?principleLabel ?direction ?otherLabel """ ; . :work-package-deliverables a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/work-package-deliverables" ; skos:prefLabel "What does each work package deliver, and what does that realise?"@en ; dcterms:description "Work packages, the deliverables they realise, and the architecture elements those deliverables realise."@en ; arch:answers "One row per work package, deliverable and element realised."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "Schedule or progress. ArchiMate records what a work package produces, not when."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ArchitectureVision, am4vp:ArchitecturePolicies ; arch:questionTargetsStakeholder am4vp:OperationalManager, am4vp:EnterpriseArchitect ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:ProjectViewpoint, am4vp:ImplementationAndMigrationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "workPackages" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?workPackage ?workPackageLabel ?deliverable ?deliverableLabel ?realized ?realizedLabel ?realizedType WHERE { ?workPackage rdf:type am4:WorkPackage ; am4:realizes ?deliverable . ?deliverable rdf:type am4:Deliverable . OPTIONAL { ?deliverable am4:realizes ?realized . ?realized rdf:type ?realizedType . FILTER(?realizedType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?realizedType WHERE { { ?realizedType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?realizedType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } OPTIONAL { ?realized skos:prefLabel ?realizedLabel . FILTER(lang(?realizedLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?realizedLabel), "en")) } } OPTIONAL { ?workPackage skos:prefLabel ?workPackageLabel . FILTER(lang(?workPackageLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?workPackageLabel), "en")) } OPTIONAL { ?deliverable skos:prefLabel ?deliverableLabel . FILTER(lang(?deliverableLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?deliverableLabel), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?workPackageLabel ?deliverableLabel """ ; . :plateau-difference a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/plateau-difference" ; skos:prefLabel "What changes between these two plateaus?"@en ; dcterms:description "Elements a later plateau aggregates or is composed of that an earlier one is not (added), and the reverse (removed)."@en ; arch:answers "One row per element added or removed."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "The migration path. The difference is the gap; the work packages that close it are another question."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:AnalysisStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ModelHistory, am4vp:ArchitectureVision ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:MigrationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "plateauChanges" ; arch:defaultLimit 1000 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:from ; sh:name "from" ; sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:optional false ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "The earlier plateau, such as the baseline."@en ] ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:to ; sh:name "to" ; sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:optional false ; sh:order 2 ; sh:description "The later plateau, such as the target."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT DISTINCT ?change ?element ?label ?type WHERE { { ?from rdf:type am4:Plateau . ?to rdf:type am4:Plateau ; am4:aggregates|am4:composedOf ?element . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?from am4:aggregates|am4:composedOf ?element } BIND("added" AS ?change) } UNION { ?to rdf:type am4:Plateau . ?from rdf:type am4:Plateau ; am4:aggregates|am4:composedOf ?element . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?to am4:aggregates|am4:composedOf ?element } BIND("removed" AS ?change) } FILTER(?from != ?to) ?element rdf:type ?type . FILTER(?type NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?type WHERE { { ?type arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?type arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } OPTIONAL { ?element skos:prefLabel ?label . FILTER(lang(?label) = "" || langMatches(lang(?label), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?change ?type ?label """ ; . # ── Quality: findings against the viewpoints' concerns ────────── :unassigned-behaviour a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/unassigned-behaviour" ; skos:prefLabel "Which processes and functions has nobody been assigned to?"@en ; dcterms:description "Processes and functions that no active structure element is assigned to."@en ; arch:answers "One row per process or function without a performer."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "That nobody performs it. The performer may be assigned to an enclosing process, or the model may stop above that level of detail."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:QualityStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:Responsibilities, am4vp:Completeness ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:ProcessCooperationViewpoint, am4vp:OrganizationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding true ; arch:findingSeverity sh:Warning ; arch:findingFocus "behaviour" ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "unassigned" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:model ; sh:name "model" ; sh:class arch:Model ; sh:optional true ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "The model to look in. A modelling tool binds the open model; a deliverable, the model it is produced from."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?behaviour ?label ?type WHERE { VALUES ?type { am4:Process am4:Function } ?behaviour rdf:type ?type ; arch:inModel ?model . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?performer am4:assignedTo ?behaviour } OPTIONAL { ?behaviour skos:prefLabel ?label . FILTER(lang(?label) = "" || langMatches(lang(?label), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?type ?label """ ; . :unrealised-services a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/unrealised-services" ; skos:prefLabel "Which services does nothing realise?"@en ; dcterms:description "Services that no behaviour or active structure element realises."@en ; arch:answers "One row per service nothing realises."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "That the service is not delivered: it may be bought in, or realised in a model that is not loaded."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:QualityStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:Completeness, am4vp:AddedValueOfProcesses ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:ServiceRealizationViewpoint, am4vp:ProcessCooperationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding true ; arch:findingSeverity sh:Warning ; arch:findingFocus "service" ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "unrealisedServices" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:model ; sh:name "model" ; sh:class arch:Model ; sh:optional true ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "The model to look in. A modelling tool binds the open model; a deliverable, the model it is produced from."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?service ?label WHERE { ?service rdf:type am4:Service ; arch:inModel ?model . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?realizer am4:realizes ?service } OPTIONAL { ?service skos:prefLabel ?label . FILTER(lang(?label) = "" || langMatches(lang(?label), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?label """ ; . :applications-without-technology a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/applications-without-technology" ; skos:prefLabel "Which application components run on no technology?"@en ; dcterms:description "Application components that no element of the technology domain serves or realises, directly or by realising a service that serves them."@en ; arch:answers "One row per application component with no technology under it."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "That it runs nowhere. Where it is hosted may be outside the model, or recorded only in a deployment model that is not loaded."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:QualityStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ApplicationPlatforms, am4vp:InfrastructureQuality ; arch:questionTargetsStakeholder am4vp:ApplicationArchitect, am4vp:InfrastructureArchitect ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:ImplementationAndDeploymentViewpoint, am4vp:TechnologyUsageViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding true ; arch:findingSeverity sh:Warning ; arch:findingFocus "application" ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelAndMetamodelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "unhosted" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:model ; sh:name "model" ; sh:class arch:Model ; sh:optional true ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "The model to look in. A modelling tool binds the open model; a deliverable, the model it is produced from."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?application ?label WHERE { ?application rdf:type am4:ApplicationComponent ; arch:inModel ?model . MINUS { # The technology domain's types, read once. { SELECT DISTINCT ?technologyType WHERE { { ?domainType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:TechnologyDomainElement } UNION { GRAPH ?ontologyGraph { ?domainType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:TechnologyDomainElement } } { ?technologyType rdfs:subClassOf* ?domainType } UNION { GRAPH ?specialisationGraph { ?technologyType rdfs:subClassOf* ?domainType } } } } ?technology rdf:type ?technologyType ; am4:serves|am4:realizes|(am4:realizes/am4:serves) ?application . } OPTIONAL { ?application skos:prefLabel ?label . FILTER(lang(?label) = "" || langMatches(lang(?label), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?label """ ; . :data-never-written a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/data-never-written" ; skos:prefLabel "Which information is read but never written?"@en ; dcterms:description "Data objects, business objects and artifacts that something reads and nothing writes. Access of an unstated kind (am4:Access) counts as a possible write."@en ; arch:answers "One row per object, with how many elements read it."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "That the data has no source. It may be written by a system outside the model; that boundary is what the finding asks to discuss."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:QualityStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:InformationStructure, am4vp:Completeness ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:InformationStructureViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding true ; arch:findingSeverity sh:Warning ; arch:findingFocus "object" ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "neverWritten" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?object ?label ?readers WHERE { { SELECT ?object (COUNT(DISTINCT ?reader) AS ?readers) WHERE { VALUES ?objectType { am4:DataObject am4:BusinessObject am4:Artifact } ?read rdf:type am4:ReadAccess ; arch:source ?reader ; arch:target ?object . ?object rdf:type ?objectType . } GROUP BY ?object } FILTER NOT EXISTS { VALUES ?writeKind { am4:WriteAccess am4:ReadWriteAccess am4:Access } ?write rdf:type ?writeKind ; arch:target ?object . } OPTIONAL { ?object skos:prefLabel ?label . FILTER(lang(?label) = "" || langMatches(lang(?label), "en")) } } ORDER BY DESC(?readers) ?label """ ; . :unrealised-capabilities a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/unrealised-capabilities" ; skos:prefLabel "Which capabilities does nothing realise?"@en ; dcterms:description "Capabilities realised neither directly nor through any capability they are composed of or aggregate."@en ; arch:answers "One row per capability with no realisation anywhere beneath it."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "That the enterprise lacks the capability; only that the model does not say what delivers it."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:QualityStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:StrategyDevelopment, am4vp:Completeness ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:CapabilityMapViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding true ; arch:findingSeverity sh:Info ; arch:findingFocus "capability" ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "unrealisedCapabilities" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:model ; sh:name "model" ; sh:class arch:Model ; sh:optional true ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "The model to look in. A modelling tool binds the open model; a deliverable, the model it is produced from."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?capability ?label WHERE { ?capability rdf:type am4:Capability ; arch:inModel ?model . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?capability (am4:composedOf|am4:aggregates)* ?part . ?realizer am4:realizes ?part . } OPTIONAL { ?capability skos:prefLabel ?label . FILTER(lang(?label) = "" || langMatches(lang(?label), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?label """ ; . :unrealised-requirements a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/unrealised-requirements" ; skos:prefLabel "Which requirements does no architecture element realise?"@en ; dcterms:description "Requirements that no element outside the motivation domain realises: realisation by another motivation element does not count."@en ; arch:answers "One row per requirement without a realising design element."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "That the requirement is unmet; only that the model does not show what meets it."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:QualityStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ArchitectureTactics, am4vp:Motivation ; arch:questionTargetsStakeholder am4vp:RequirementsManager ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:RequirementsRealizationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding true ; arch:findingSeverity sh:Warning ; arch:findingFocus "requirement" ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelAndMetamodelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "unrealisedRequirements" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:model ; sh:name "model" ; sh:class arch:Model ; sh:optional true ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "The model to look in. A modelling tool binds the open model; a deliverable, the model it is produced from."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?requirement ?label WHERE { ?requirement rdf:type am4:Requirement ; arch:inModel ?model . # Realised by a design element: one whose own type is outside the motivation domain. MINUS { ?realizer am4:realizes ?requirement ; rdf:type ?realizerType . FILTER(?realizerType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?realizerType WHERE { { ?realizerType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?realizerType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?realizerType WHERE { { ?domainType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:MotivationElement } UNION { GRAPH ?ontologyGraph { ?domainType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:MotivationElement } } { ?realizerType rdfs:subClassOf* ?domainType } UNION { GRAPH ?specialisationGraph { ?realizerType rdfs:subClassOf* ?domainType } } } } } OPTIONAL { ?requirement skos:prefLabel ?label . FILTER(lang(?label) = "" || langMatches(lang(?label), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?label """ ; . :principles-without-requirements a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/principles-without-requirements" ; skos:prefLabel "Which principles has no requirement made concrete?"@en ; dcterms:description "Principles that no requirement realises."@en ; arch:answers "One row per principle no requirement realises."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "That the principle is ignored. It may be applied by review rather than through stated requirements."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:QualityStage ; arch:questionAddressesConcern am4vp:ArchitecturePolicies ; arch:questionFitsViewpoint am4vp:MotivationViewpoint ; arch:resultIsFinding true ; arch:findingSeverity sh:Info ; arch:findingFocus "principle" ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "unbackedPrinciples" ; arch:defaultLimit 500 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:model ; sh:name "model" ; sh:class arch:Model ; sh:optional true ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "The model to look in. A modelling tool binds the open model; a deliverable, the model it is produced from."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?principle ?label WHERE { ?principle rdf:type am4:Principle ; arch:inModel ?model . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?requirement am4:realizes ?principle ; rdf:type am4:Requirement . } OPTIONAL { ?principle skos:prefLabel ?label . FILTER(lang(?label) = "" || langMatches(lang(?label), "en")) } } ORDER BY ?label """ ; . # ── Views ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── :viewpoint-scope a arch:ModelQuestion, sh:SPARQLSelectExecutable ; dcterms:identifier "notation/archimate4/viewpoint-scope" ; skos:prefLabel "What in the model belongs in a view of this ArchiMate viewpoint?"@en ; dcterms:description '''What belongs in a view of an ArchiMate 4.0 viewpoint. ArchiMate 4.0 places process, function, service, event and role in a common domain, and viewpoints such as the Technology Viewpoint admit them; listed whenever their type is admitted, every business process would belong in a technology view. An element of the common domain therefore belongs when a relationship connects it, in either direction, to an element of a domain-specific type the same viewpoint admits; every other element belongs when the viewpoint admits its type.'''@en ; arch:answers "One row per element: name, type, definition and a \"relationship → target\" summary of what it points to."@en ; arch:doesNotProve "That an element of the common domain left out is irrelevant to the viewpoint; only that nothing of a domain-specific type the viewpoint admits is related to it."@en ; arch:questionStage arch:ViewsStage ; arch:resultIsFinding false ; arch:requiresDataset arch:ModelAndMetamodelDataset ; arch:requiresMetamodel ; arch:resultKey "scope" ; arch:defaultLimit 1000 ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:viewpoint ; sh:name "viewpoint" ; sh:class arch:Viewpoint ; sh:optional false ; sh:order 1 ; sh:description "A viewpoint. A modelling tool binds the open view's viewpoint; a deliverable, the section's."@en ] ; sh:parameter [ sh:path arch:model ; sh:name "model" ; sh:class arch:Model ; sh:optional true ; sh:order 2 ; sh:description "The model to look in. A modelling tool binds the open model; a deliverable, the model it is produced from."@en ] ; sh:prefixes ; sh:select """ SELECT ?element (SAMPLE(?anyLabel) AS ?label) ?type (SAMPLE(?anyDefinition) AS ?definition) (GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?link; separator = "; ") AS ?outgoing) WHERE { { # Elements of a domain-specific type the viewpoint admits. { SELECT DISTINCT ?viewpoint ?type WHERE { { ?viewpoint arch:includesConcept ?admitted } UNION { GRAPH ?admittingGraph { ?viewpoint arch:includesConcept ?admitted } } { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?admitted } UNION { GRAPH ?hierarchyGraph { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?admitted } } MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?type WHERE { { ?commonType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:CommonDomainElement } UNION { GRAPH ?commonGraph { ?commonType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:CommonDomainElement } } { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?commonType } UNION { GRAPH ?commonSpecialisationGraph { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?commonType } } } } } } ?element rdf:type ?type ; arch:inModel ?model . } UNION { # Elements of a common-domain type the viewpoint admits, connected to one of a domain-specific type it # admits. The connected elements are found as a set first: per viewpoint, the elements at the other end # of a relationship from an element of an admitted domain-specific type. { SELECT DISTINCT ?viewpoint ?element WHERE { { SELECT DISTINCT ?viewpoint ?anchorType WHERE { { ?viewpoint arch:includesConcept ?anchorAdmitted } UNION { GRAPH ?anchorAdmittingGraph { ?viewpoint arch:includesConcept ?anchorAdmitted } } { ?anchorType rdfs:subClassOf* ?anchorAdmitted } UNION { GRAPH ?anchorHierarchyGraph { ?anchorType rdfs:subClassOf* ?anchorAdmitted } } MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?anchorType WHERE { { ?anchorCommonType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:CommonDomainElement } UNION { GRAPH ?anchorCommonGraph { ?anchorCommonType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:CommonDomainElement } } { ?anchorType rdfs:subClassOf* ?anchorCommonType } UNION { GRAPH ?anchorCommonSpecialisationGraph { ?anchorType rdfs:subClassOf* ?anchorCommonType } } } } } } ?anchor rdf:type ?anchorType . { ?connection arch:source ?anchor ; arch:target ?element } UNION { ?connection arch:target ?anchor ; arch:source ?element } } } ?element rdf:type ?type ; arch:inModel ?model . { SELECT DISTINCT ?viewpoint ?type WHERE { { ?viewpoint arch:includesConcept ?admitted } UNION { GRAPH ?admittingGraph { ?viewpoint arch:includesConcept ?admitted } } { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?admitted } UNION { GRAPH ?hierarchyGraph { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?admitted } } { SELECT DISTINCT ?type WHERE { { ?commonType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:CommonDomainElement } UNION { GRAPH ?commonGraph { ?commonType rdfs:subClassOf* am4:CommonDomainElement } } { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?commonType } UNION { GRAPH ?commonSpecialisationGraph { ?type rdfs:subClassOf* ?commonType } } } } } } } FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?element arch:source ?anySource } OPTIONAL { ?element skos:prefLabel ?anyLabel . FILTER(lang(?anyLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?anyLabel), "en")) } OPTIONAL { ?element skos:definition ?anyDefinition . FILTER(lang(?anyDefinition) = "" || langMatches(lang(?anyDefinition), "en")) } OPTIONAL { ?relationship arch:source ?element ; arch:target ?other ; rdf:type ?relationshipType . FILTER(?relationshipType NOT IN (arch:ModelConcept, arch:Element, arch:QualifiedRelationship)) MINUS { SELECT DISTINCT ?relationshipType WHERE { { ?relationshipType arch:isAbstractClass true } UNION { GRAPH ?abstractClassGraph { ?relationshipType arch:isAbstractClass true } } } } OPTIONAL { ?other skos:prefLabel ?otherLabel . FILTER(lang(?otherLabel) = "" || langMatches(lang(?otherLabel), "en")) } BIND(CONCAT(REPLACE(STR(?relationshipType), "^.*[#/]", ""), " → ", COALESCE(STR(?otherLabel), STR(?other))) AS ?link) } } GROUP BY ?element ?type ORDER BY ?type ?label """ ; .