@prefix owl:     <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd:     <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs:    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix rdf:     <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix skos:    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix dc:      <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix bibo:    <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix vann:    <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
@prefix prov:    <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix cc:      <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> .
@prefix schema:  <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix arch:    <https://meta.linked.archi/core#> .
@prefix ad:      <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#> .
@prefix refa:    <https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#> .
@prefix :        <https://meta.linked.archi/atam/onto#> .

<https://meta.linked.archi/atam/onto#>
    rdf:type                      owl:Ontology ;
    owl:imports                   <https://meta.linked.archi/core#> ;
    cc:license                    "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" ;
    vann:preferredNamespaceUri    "https://meta.linked.archi/atam/onto#" ;
    vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "atam" ;
    dcterms:creator               "Kalin Maldzhanski"^^xsd:string ;
    dc:title                      "Linked.Archi ATAM Ontology"@en ;
    dc:description                '''Ontology for the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM) from
the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at Carnegie Mellon University.
Models the evaluation-specific concepts that ATAM adds beyond the core
decision and quality attribute vocabulary: utility trees, sensitivity points,
tradeoff points, risks, non-risks, and risk themes.

ATAM is a method for evaluating software architectures relative to quality
attribute goals. It exposes architectural risks that potentially inhibit the
achievement of business goals by systematically analyzing quality attribute
scenarios against architectural approaches.

Use together with:
* ad:arch-decision — for decisions, forces, options, and QA scenarios
* refa:ref-arch — for patterns and tactics (architectural approaches)
* iso25010 — for quality attribute definitions
This is not an official SEI/Carnegie Mellon document.'''@en ;
    dcterms:abstract              '''OWL ontology for ATAM evaluation concepts — utility trees, sensitivity
points, tradeoff points, risks, and risk themes.'''@en ;
    dcterms:created               "2020-07-27"^^xsd:date ;
    dcterms:issued                "2020-07-27"^^xsd:date ;
    dcterms:modified              "2026-05-03"^^xsd:date ;
    dc:publisher                  "Linked.Archi"@en, <https://linked.archi> ;
    bibo:status                   "draft" ;
    owl:versionIRI                <https://meta.linked.archi/atam/onto/0.1.0#> ;
    owl:versionInfo               "0.1.0"@en ;
    schema:citation               '''Kazman, R., Klein, M., Clements, P. (2000). ATAM: Method for
Architecture Evaluation. CMU/SEI-2000-TR-004.'''@en ;
    prov:wasDerivedFrom           "ATAM (SEI/CMU, 2000)" ;
    rdfs:seeAlso                  <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/library/asset-view.cfm?assetid=513908>,
                                  <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/TechnicalReport/2000_005_001_13706.pdf>,
                                  <https://iasa-global.github.io/btabok/quality_attributes.html>,
                                  <https://iasa-global.github.io/btabok/boqa.html> ;
.


## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
## Utility Tree — hierarchical decomposition of quality attributes into scenarios
## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

:UtilityTree
    a               owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf arch:Element ;
    skos:prefLabel  "Utility Tree"@en ;
    skos:definition '''A hierarchical decomposition of the system's overall "utility" into
quality attributes, quality attribute refinements, and concrete quality
attribute scenarios. The root is the system's overall goodness. The first
level branches are quality attributes (performance, availability, security,
etc.). Leaves are prioritized QA scenarios.

The utility tree is the primary tool for eliciting and prioritizing
architecturally significant requirements in ATAM.'''@en ;
    skos:example    '''ex:PortalUtilityTree a atam:UtilityTree ;
    skos:prefLabel "Customer Portal Utility Tree"@en ;
    atam:hasQABranch ex:PerformanceBranch, ex:AvailabilityBranch,
                     ex:SecurityBranch, ex:ModifiabilityBranch .'''@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso    <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/TechnicalReport/2000_005_001_13706.pdf> ;
.

:QualityAttributeBranch
    a               owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf arch:Element ;
    skos:prefLabel  "Quality Attribute Branch"@en ;
    skos:definition '''A branch in the utility tree representing a quality attribute
(e.g., Performance, Availability, Security). Contains refinements
and leaf scenarios.'''@en ;
    skos:example    '''ex:PerformanceBranch a atam:QualityAttributeBranch ;
    skos:prefLabel "Performance"@en ;
    atam:branchQualityAttribute iso25010:PerformanceEfficiency ;
    atam:hasScenario ex:PeakLoadScenario, ex:DataQueryScenario .'''@en ;
.


## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
## Sensitivity and Tradeoff Points
## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

:SensitivityPoint
    a               owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf arch:Element ;
    skos:prefLabel  "Sensitivity Point"@en ;
    skos:definition '''An architectural element or property where a small change has a
significant effect on a quality attribute. Sensitivity points reveal
where the architecture is fragile with respect to a specific quality
concern.'''@en ;
    skos:example    '''ex:SP-01 a atam:SensitivityPoint ;
    skos:prefLabel "Database connection pool size"@en ;
    atam:sensitiveToQA iso25010:TimeBehaviour ;
    atam:affectsElement ex:OrdersDB ;
    atam:identifiedInScenario ex:PeakLoadScenario .'''@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso    <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/TechnicalReport/2000_005_001_13706.pdf> ;
.

:TradeoffPoint
    a               owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :SensitivityPoint ;
    skos:prefLabel  "Tradeoff Point"@en ;
    skos:definition '''An architectural element that is a sensitivity point for multiple
quality attributes — improving one quality attribute at this point
degrades another. Tradeoff points are the most architecturally
significant findings in an ATAM evaluation because they reveal
where quality attributes compete.'''@en ;
    skos:example    '''ex:TP-01 a atam:TradeoffPoint ;
    skos:prefLabel "Encryption at rest for order data"@en ;
    atam:sensitiveToQA iso25010:Confidentiality, iso25010:TimeBehaviour ;
    skos:scopeNote "Enabling encryption improves security but degrades query performance by ~15%."@en .'''@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso    <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/TechnicalReport/2000_005_001_13706.pdf> ;
.


## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
## Risks and Risk Themes
## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

:ArchitecturalRisk
    a               owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf arch:Element ;
    skos:prefLabel  "Architectural Risk"@en ;
    skos:definition '''An architectural decision or property that is potentially problematic.
A risk is identified when analysis of a scenario against an architectural
approach reveals that the quality attribute response may not be achieved.'''@en ;
    skos:example    '''ex:Risk-01 a atam:ArchitecturalRisk ;
    skos:prefLabel "Single database instance has no failover"@en ;
    atam:riskForQA iso25010:Availability ;
    atam:riskInDecision ex:ADR-042 ;
    atam:identifiedInScenario ex:FailoverScenario .'''@en ;
.

:NonRisk
    a               owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf arch:Element ;
    skos:prefLabel  "Non-Risk"@en ;
    skos:definition '''An architectural decision or property that is deemed safe upon analysis.
A non-risk is identified when analysis confirms that the quality attribute
response will be achieved. Documenting non-risks is important because it
records what was analyzed and found acceptable.'''@en ;
.

:RiskTheme
    a               owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf arch:Element ;
    skos:prefLabel  "Risk Theme"@en ;
    skos:definition '''A systemic pattern of risks identified across multiple scenarios or
architectural approaches. Risk themes represent cross-cutting concerns
that affect the architecture broadly rather than in isolated spots.'''@en ;
    skos:example    '''ex:RT-01 a atam:RiskTheme ;
    skos:prefLabel "Insufficient redundancy across data tier"@en ;
    atam:themeIncludesRisk ex:Risk-01, ex:Risk-03, ex:Risk-07 ;
    skos:definition "Multiple scenarios reveal single points of failure in the data layer."@en .'''@en ;
.


## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
## ATAM Evaluation
## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

:ATAMEvaluation
    a               owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf arch:Element ;
    skos:prefLabel  "ATAM Evaluation"@en ;
    skos:definition '''A complete ATAM evaluation session, linking the utility tree,
identified risks, non-risks, sensitivity points, tradeoff points,
and risk themes. An evaluation targets a specific architecture
(arch:Model) and involves specific stakeholders.'''@en ;
    skos:example    '''ex:ATAM-2026-Q1 a atam:ATAMEvaluation ;
    skos:prefLabel "Payment Platform ATAM Evaluation Q1 2026"@en ;
    atam:evaluatesArchitecture ex:PaymentPlatformModel ;
    atam:hasUtilityTree ex:PaymentUtilityTree ;
    atam:identifiedRisk ex:Risk-01, ex:Risk-02 ;
    atam:identifiedNonRisk ex:NR-01 ;
    atam:identifiedSensitivityPoint ex:SP-01 ;
    atam:identifiedTradeoffPoint ex:TP-01 ;
    atam:identifiedRiskTheme ex:RT-01 .'''@en ;
.


## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
## Properties
## ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

## Utility Tree structure
:hasQABranch
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "has QA branch"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links a UtilityTree to its quality attribute branches."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :UtilityTree ;
    rdfs:range :QualityAttributeBranch .

:branchQualityAttribute
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "branch quality attribute"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links a QualityAttributeBranch to the quality attribute it represents."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :QualityAttributeBranch ;
    rdfs:range arch:QualityAttribute .

:hasScenario
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "has scenario"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links a QualityAttributeBranch to its leaf QA scenarios."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :QualityAttributeBranch ;
    rdfs:range ad:QualityAttributeRequirement .

:scenarioPriority
    a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "scenario priority"@en ;
    skos:definition '''Priority of a scenario in the utility tree, typically expressed as
(importance, difficulty) pairs like (H,M) meaning high importance,
medium difficulty to achieve.'''@en ;
    rdfs:domain ad:QualityAttributeRequirement ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string .

## Sensitivity and Tradeoff
:sensitiveToQA
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "sensitive to quality attribute"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links a SensitivityPoint to the quality attribute(s) it affects."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :SensitivityPoint ;
    rdfs:range arch:QualityAttribute .

:affectsElement
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "affects element"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links a SensitivityPoint to the architectural element it concerns."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :SensitivityPoint ;
    rdfs:range arch:Element .

:identifiedInScenario
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "identified in scenario"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links a finding (risk, sensitivity point, etc.) to the scenario that revealed it."@en ;
    rdfs:range ad:QualityAttributeRequirement .

## Risks
:riskForQA
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "risk for quality attribute"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ArchitecturalRisk to the quality attribute it threatens."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ArchitecturalRisk ;
    rdfs:range arch:QualityAttribute .

:riskInDecision
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "risk in decision"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ArchitecturalRisk to the architecture decision that introduced it."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ArchitecturalRisk ;
    rdfs:range ad:Decision .

:riskInApproach
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "risk in approach"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ArchitecturalRisk to the pattern or tactic that introduces it."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ArchitecturalRisk ;
    schema:rangeIncludes refa:Pattern, refa:Tactic .

:themeIncludesRisk
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "theme includes risk"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links a RiskTheme to the individual risks that form the pattern."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :RiskTheme ;
    rdfs:range :ArchitecturalRisk .

## Evaluation
:evaluatesArchitecture
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "evaluates architecture"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ATAMEvaluation to the architecture model being evaluated."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ATAMEvaluation ;
    rdfs:range arch:Model .

:hasUtilityTree
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "has utility tree"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ATAMEvaluation to its utility tree."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ATAMEvaluation ;
    rdfs:range :UtilityTree .

:identifiedRisk
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "identified risk"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ATAMEvaluation to a risk identified during the evaluation."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ATAMEvaluation ;
    rdfs:range :ArchitecturalRisk .

:identifiedNonRisk
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "identified non-risk"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ATAMEvaluation to a non-risk confirmed during the evaluation."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ATAMEvaluation ;
    rdfs:range :NonRisk .

:identifiedSensitivityPoint
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "identified sensitivity point"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ATAMEvaluation to a sensitivity point discovered during the evaluation."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ATAMEvaluation ;
    rdfs:range :SensitivityPoint .

:identifiedTradeoffPoint
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "identified tradeoff point"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ATAMEvaluation to a tradeoff point discovered during the evaluation."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ATAMEvaluation ;
    rdfs:range :TradeoffPoint .

:identifiedRiskTheme
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "identified risk theme"@en ;
    skos:definition "Links an ATAMEvaluation to a risk theme identified during the evaluation."@en ;
    rdfs:domain :ATAMEvaluation ;
    rdfs:range :RiskTheme .