@prefix owl: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix bibo: . @prefix vann: . @prefix prov: . @prefix cc: . @prefix skos: . @prefix schema: . @prefix arch: . @prefix ad: . @prefix : . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:imports ; cc:license "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" ; vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://meta.linked.archi/financial-architecture/onto#" ; vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "fina" ; dcterms:creator "Kalin Maldzhanski"^^xsd:string ; dcterms:title "Linked.Archi Financial Architecture Extension"@en ; dcterms:description '''Extension ontology for financial aspects of enterprise architecture. Provides vocabulary for Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) models, cost allocation to business capabilities and value streams, investment case tracking (Run/Grow/Transform), cost-benefit analysis for architecture decision options, and FinOps cloud cost management. Not intended to replace financial planning tools — the goal is to make cost a queryable dimension of the architecture knowledge graph, enabling questions like "What is the annual run cost of all applications supporting this capability?" or "Which decision option has the best NPV?" Motivated by Gartner 2025 Leadership Vision identifying lack of financial acumen as one of the five mistakes EA teams make. Trademarked names referenced herein are property of their respective owners.'''@en ; dcterms:abstract "Ontology for financial aspects of enterprise architecture within the Linked.Archi ecosystem."@en ; dcterms:created "2026-05-03"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:modified "2026-05-03"^^xsd:date ; dcterms:publisher "Linked.Archi"@en, ; bibo:status "draft" ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:versionInfo "0.1.0"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso , ; schema:citation "Linked.Archi Financial Architecture Extension" ; . ################################################################# # Supporting Classes ################################################################# :CostCategory a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Cost Category"@en ; skos:definition '''Classification of cost items by type — license, infrastructure, labor, support, integration, compliance, opportunity cost, or technical debt interest.'''@en ; . :InvestmentType a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Investment Type"@en ; skos:definition '''Classification of architecture investments by strategic intent — Run (keep operational), Grow (expand capabilities), or Transform (fundamental modernization).'''@en ; . :CostPeriod a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Cost Period"@en ; skos:definition "The time period over which a cost applies — annual, monthly, quarterly, or one-time."@en ; . ################################################################# # Core Classes ################################################################# :CostModel a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Cost Model"@en ; skos:definition '''A Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) or cost model for an architecture element or group of elements. Aggregates cost items across categories (license, infrastructure, labor, support) over a defined time horizon. A CostModel can be linked to any arch:Element — an application, a capability, a platform, or a service. It can also be allocated to business capabilities and value streams for cost-per-capability analysis. The totalTCO property holds the calculated total; individual cost items provide the breakdown.'''@en ; . :CostItem a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Cost Item"@en ; skos:definition '''A single line item in a cost model — one specific cost with its category, amount, period, and optional notes. Cost items are the atomic units of financial tracking in the architecture knowledge graph.'''@en ; . :InvestmentCase a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Investment Case"@en ; skos:definition '''A business case for an architecture investment — modernization, new capability development, or decommissioning. Links the investment to the architecture elements it affects, the projected ROI, payback period, and the Run/Grow/Transform classification. Investment cases connect financial planning to architecture decisions: when an architect proposes a modernization, the investment case captures the financial justification.'''@en ; . :CostBenefitAnalysis a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Cost-Benefit Analysis"@en ; skos:definition '''A structured comparison of costs and benefits for an architecture decision option. Links to ad:Option from the architecture decisions extension, enabling cost-informed decision making. Captures estimated cost, estimated benefit, net present value (NPV), and supporting notes. Multiple options for the same decision can be compared by their CBA metrics.'''@en ; . :Budget a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Budget"@en ; skos:definition '''An allocated budget for an architecture initiative, portfolio segment, or organizational unit. Tracks the approved amount, the fiscal period, and the budget owner.'''@en ; . :Forecast a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "Forecast"@en ; skos:definition '''A projected cost or benefit over a future time horizon. Used for financial planning and investment tracking. Links to the architecture elements or initiatives being forecasted.'''@en ; . ################################################################# # Specialized Cost Item Subclasses ################################################################# :CloudCostAllocation a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CostItem ; skos:prefLabel "Cloud Cost Allocation"@en ; skos:definition '''A cloud-specific cost allocation aligned with FinOps practices. Captures cloud provider, service type (compute, storage, network, managed services), and usage-based vs reserved pricing.'''@en ; rdfs:seeAlso ; . :TechnicalDebtCost a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CostItem ; skos:prefLabel "Technical Debt Cost"@en ; skos:definition '''The estimated cost of maintaining or remediating technical debt. Captures both the "interest" (ongoing cost of workarounds and maintenance overhead) and the "principal" (one-time cost to remediate the debt).'''@en ; skos:scopeNote '''Technical debt cost is often invisible in traditional financial reporting. Making it explicit in the architecture knowledge graph enables questions like "What is the total technical debt interest across our portfolio?" and "Which applications have the highest debt-to-value ratio?"'''@en ; . :MigrationCost a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CostItem ; skos:prefLabel "Migration Cost"@en ; skos:definition '''The estimated cost of migrating an application or platform. Designed to compose with the TIME framework — applications classified as Migrate should have a MigrationCost item in their cost model.'''@en ; . ################################################################# # Concerns ################################################################# :TotalCostOfOwnershipConcern a arch:Concern ; skos:prefLabel "Total Cost of Ownership"@en ; skos:definition '''The full lifecycle cost of an architecture element — acquisition, operation, maintenance, support, and eventual decommissioning.'''@en ; . :InvestmentPrioritizationConcern a arch:Concern ; skos:prefLabel "Investment Prioritization"@en ; skos:definition '''Allocating limited investment budget across competing architecture initiatives based on projected ROI, strategic alignment, and risk.'''@en ; . :TechnicalDebtVisibilityConcern a arch:Concern ; skos:prefLabel "Technical Debt Visibility"@en ; skos:definition '''Making the financial impact of technical debt visible to business stakeholders — the ongoing cost of workarounds and the investment required to remediate.'''@en ; . :CloudCostOptimizationConcern a arch:Concern ; skos:prefLabel "Cloud Cost Optimization"@en ; skos:definition '''Optimizing cloud spending through right-sizing, reserved instances, spot usage, and architectural decisions that reduce cloud cost.'''@en ; . ################################################################# # Viewpoints ################################################################# :CostOverviewViewpoint a arch:Viewpoint ; skos:prefLabel "Cost Overview"@en ; skos:definition '''High-level overview of architecture costs — total cost by capability, by application, by technology platform. The entry point for financial analysis of the architecture landscape.'''@en ; arch:viewpointHasPurpose , ; arch:viewpointFramesConcern :TotalCostOfOwnershipConcern ; arch:includesConcept :CostModel, :CostItem ; arch:viewType arch:Matrix, arch:Catalog ; . :InvestmentPortfolioViewpoint a arch:Viewpoint ; skos:prefLabel "Investment Portfolio"@en ; skos:definition '''View of architecture investments — Run/Grow/Transform classification, projected ROI, payback periods, and budget allocation. Used for investment prioritization and portfolio balancing.'''@en ; arch:viewpointHasPurpose ; arch:viewpointFramesConcern :InvestmentPrioritizationConcern ; arch:includesConcept :InvestmentCase, :Budget, :Forecast ; arch:viewType arch:Matrix, arch:Diagram ; . :TechnicalDebtViewpoint a arch:Viewpoint ; skos:prefLabel "Technical Debt Landscape"@en ; skos:definition '''View of technical debt across the portfolio — which applications carry the most debt, what is the annual interest cost, and what would remediation cost. Makes the invisible visible for business stakeholders.'''@en ; arch:viewpointHasPurpose , ; arch:viewpointFramesConcern :TechnicalDebtVisibilityConcern ; arch:includesConcept :TechnicalDebtCost, :CostModel ; arch:viewType arch:Matrix, arch:Catalog ; . :CloudFinOpsViewpoint a arch:Viewpoint ; skos:prefLabel "Cloud FinOps"@en ; skos:definition '''View of cloud cost allocation — spending by provider, service type, application, and team. Aligned with FinOps Foundation practices.'''@en ; arch:viewpointHasPurpose ; arch:viewpointFramesConcern :CloudCostOptimizationConcern ; arch:includesConcept :CloudCostAllocation, :CostModel ; arch:viewType arch:Matrix, arch:Catalog ; rdfs:seeAlso ; . ################################################################# # Properties — Cost Model ################################################################# :hasCostModel a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "has cost model"@en ; skos:definition "Links an architecture element to its cost model."@en ; arch:domainIncludes arch:Element ; arch:rangeIncludes :CostModel ; . :hasCostItem a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "has cost item"@en ; skos:definition "Links a cost model to its line items."@en ; arch:domainIncludes :CostModel ; arch:rangeIncludes :CostItem ; . :costCategory a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "cost category"@en ; skos:definition "Categorizes a cost item (license, infrastructure, labor, etc.)."@en ; arch:domainIncludes :CostItem ; arch:rangeIncludes :CostCategory ; . :annualAmount a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "annual amount"@en ; skos:definition "The annual cost amount in the cost model's base currency."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostItem ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :oneTimeAmount a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "one-time amount"@en ; skos:definition "A one-time cost amount (e.g., migration cost, setup fee)."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostItem ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :currency a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "currency"@en ; skos:definition "ISO 4217 currency code for the cost model (e.g., EUR, USD, GBP)."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostModel ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; . :costPeriodType a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "cost period type"@en ; skos:definition "The time period over which a cost applies."@en ; arch:domainIncludes :CostItem ; arch:rangeIncludes :CostPeriod ; . :totalTCO a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "total TCO"@en ; skos:definition "The calculated total cost of ownership over the defined horizon."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostModel ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :tcoHorizonYears a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "TCO horizon (years)"@en ; skos:definition "The number of years over which TCO is calculated (typically 3 or 5)."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostModel ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; . :costModelDate a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "cost model date"@en ; skos:definition "The date the cost model was created or last updated."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostModel ; rdfs:range xsd:date ; . :costModelOwner a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "cost model owner"@en ; skos:definition "The stakeholder responsible for maintaining the cost model."@en ; arch:domainIncludes :CostModel ; arch:rangeIncludes arch:Stakeholder ; . ################################################################# # Properties — Cost Allocation ################################################################# :allocatedToCapability a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "allocated to capability"@en ; skos:definition "Allocates cost to a business capability for cost-per-capability analysis."@en ; arch:domainIncludes :CostModel ; . :allocatedToValueStream a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "allocated to value stream"@en ; skos:definition "Allocates cost to a value stream for value-stream cost analysis."@en ; arch:domainIncludes :CostModel ; . :allocationPercentage a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "allocation percentage"@en ; skos:definition "Percentage of cost allocated to a capability or value stream (0-100)."@en ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . ################################################################# # Properties — Investment Case ################################################################# :hasInvestmentCase a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "has investment case"@en ; skos:definition "Links an architecture element to its investment case."@en ; arch:domainIncludes arch:Element ; arch:rangeIncludes :InvestmentCase ; . :investmentType a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "investment type"@en ; skos:definition "Classifies the investment as Run, Grow, or Transform."@en ; arch:domainIncludes :InvestmentCase ; arch:rangeIncludes :InvestmentType ; . :projectedROI a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "projected ROI"@en ; skos:definition "Projected return on investment as a percentage."@en ; rdfs:domain :InvestmentCase ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :paybackPeriodMonths a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "payback period (months)"@en ; skos:definition "Expected number of months until the investment pays for itself."@en ; rdfs:domain :InvestmentCase ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; . :investmentAmount a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "investment amount"@en ; skos:definition "Total investment amount requested."@en ; rdfs:domain :InvestmentCase ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :investmentCurrency a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "investment currency"@en ; skos:definition "ISO 4217 currency code for the investment case."@en ; rdfs:domain :InvestmentCase ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; . :investmentStatus a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "investment status"@en ; skos:definition "Status of the investment case (proposed, approved, in-progress, completed, cancelled)."@en ; rdfs:domain :InvestmentCase ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; . :investmentSponsor a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "investment sponsor"@en ; skos:definition "The stakeholder sponsoring the investment."@en ; arch:domainIncludes :InvestmentCase ; arch:rangeIncludes arch:Stakeholder ; . ################################################################# # Properties — Cost-Benefit Analysis ################################################################# :hasCostBenefitAnalysis a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "has cost-benefit analysis"@en ; skos:definition "Links a decision option to its cost-benefit analysis."@en ; . :estimatedCost a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "estimated cost"@en ; skos:definition "Total estimated cost of the option."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostBenefitAnalysis ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :estimatedBenefit a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "estimated benefit"@en ; skos:definition "Total estimated benefit of the option."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostBenefitAnalysis ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :netPresentValue a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "net present value"@en ; skos:definition "Net present value of the option over the analysis horizon."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostBenefitAnalysis ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :discountRate a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "discount rate"@en ; skos:definition "Discount rate used for NPV calculation (as a decimal, e.g., 0.08 for 8%)."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostBenefitAnalysis ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :analysisHorizonYears a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "analysis horizon (years)"@en ; skos:definition "Number of years over which the cost-benefit analysis is projected."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostBenefitAnalysis ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; . :cbaCurrency a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "CBA currency"@en ; skos:definition "ISO 4217 currency code for the cost-benefit analysis."@en ; rdfs:domain :CostBenefitAnalysis ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; . ################################################################# # Properties — Budget ################################################################# :hasBudget a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "has budget"@en ; skos:definition "Links an initiative or portfolio segment to its allocated budget."@en ; . :budgetAmount a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "budget amount"@en ; skos:definition "The approved budget amount."@en ; rdfs:domain :Budget ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; . :budgetCurrency a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "budget currency"@en ; skos:definition "ISO 4217 currency code for the budget."@en ; rdfs:domain :Budget ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; . :fiscalYear a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "fiscal year"@en ; skos:definition "The fiscal year the budget applies to."@en ; rdfs:domain :Budget ; rdfs:range xsd:gYear ; . :budgetOwner a owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "budget owner"@en ; skos:definition "The stakeholder responsible for the budget."@en ; arch:domainIncludes :Budget ; arch:rangeIncludes arch:Stakeholder ; . ################################################################# # Properties — Cloud Cost (FinOps) ################################################################# :cloudProvider a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "cloud provider"@en ; skos:definition "The cloud provider (AWS, Azure, GCP, etc.)."@en ; rdfs:domain :CloudCostAllocation ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; . :cloudServiceType a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "cloud service type"@en ; skos:definition "The type of cloud service (compute, storage, network, database, managed service)."@en ; rdfs:domain :CloudCostAllocation ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; . :pricingModel a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "pricing model"@en ; skos:definition "The pricing model (on-demand, reserved, spot, savings plan)."@en ; rdfs:domain :CloudCostAllocation ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; . ################################################################# # Properties — Technical Debt ################################################################# :debtType a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "debt type"@en ; skos:definition "The type of technical debt (interest = ongoing cost, principal = remediation cost)."@en ; rdfs:domain :TechnicalDebtCost ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; . :debtDescription a owl:DatatypeProperty ; skos:prefLabel "debt description"@en ; skos:definition "Description of the technical debt and its impact."@en ; rdfs:domain :TechnicalDebtCost ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; .