@prefix : <https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@base <https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#> .

<https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
                                                            owl:versionIRI <https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes/0.1.0#> ;
                                                            <http://creativecommons.org/ns#license> "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> """Quality attribute individuals specific to ML-enabled systems.
Extends the base quality-attributes extension with ML-specific concerns
identified by Moin et al. (2023) and Lewis et al. (2021)."""@en ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher> <https://linked.archi> ,
                                                                                                        "Linked.Archi"@en ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> <https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05239> ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "Linked.Archi ML-Specific Quality Attributes"@en ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/dc/terms/created> "2026-05-03"^^xsd:date ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> "Kalin Maldzhanski" ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified> "2026-05-03"^^xsd:date ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status> "draft" ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix> "mlqa" ;
                                                            <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri> "https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#" ;
                                                            owl:versionInfo "0.1.0"@en .

#################################################################
#    Annotation properties
#################################################################

###  http://creativecommons.org/ns#license
<http://creativecommons.org/ns#license> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/created
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/created> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status
<http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix
<http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri
<http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://schema.org/citation
<http://schema.org/citation> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://schema.org/rangeIncludes
<http://schema.org/rangeIncludes> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/core#mentionedIn
<https://meta.linked.archi/core#mentionedIn> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale
<https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


#################################################################
#    Datatypes
#################################################################

###  http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date
xsd:date rdf:type rdfs:Datatype .


#################################################################
#    Object Properties
#################################################################

###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broadMatch
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broadMatch> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .


###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#mappingRelation
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#mappingRelation> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#addressesForce
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#addressesForce> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                         rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links an Option to a Force that it directly addresses or satisfies."@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "An Option for caching addresses the Performance force."@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "addresses force"@en ;
                                                         <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> "Explicitly connects candidate solutions to the forces they are designed to satisfy."@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#addsConcept
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#addsConcept> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                      rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#affectsConcept> ;
                                                      rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                      rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept> ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Option to a new ModelConcept that would be
introduced if the Option is selected."""@en ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "An Option adds a new Message Broker component to the architecture."@en ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "adds concept"@en ;
                                                      <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> "Captures new elements that an option would bring into the architecture."@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#affectsConcept
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#affectsConcept> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                         rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept> ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Option to a ModelConcept that would be affected
if the Option is selected."""@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Selecting a microservices Option affects the existing monolithic Application Component."@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "affects concept"@en ;
                                                         <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> """Tracking which concepts are affected by an Option enables
impact analysis before a decision is made."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#appliedInOption
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#appliedInOption> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                          rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#Pattern> ,
                                                                      <https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#ReferenceArchitecture> ,
                                                                      <https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#Tactic> ;
                                                          rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links a Tactic, Pattern, or Reference Architecture to a
Decision Option in which it is applied."""@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "applied in option"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#associatedIssue
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#associatedIssue> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                          rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept> ;
                                                          rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links a ModelConcept directly to an Issue that needs to be
addressed. These issues may relate to specific requirements
or can map technical debt after a decision process."""@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "associated issue"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#causedBy
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#causedBy> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                   rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#relatedDecision> ;
                                                   rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                   rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Decision to another Decision that caused or triggered it."@en ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "caused by"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#complementaryForce
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#complementaryForce> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                             rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                             rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Force to another Force that complements or reinforces it."@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "A Reliability force complements an Availability force since both aim at continuous service."@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "complementary force"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#conflictsWith
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#conflictsWith> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                        rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#relatedDecision> ;
                                                        rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                        rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Decision to another Decision that it conflicts with."@en ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "conflicts with"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#dependsOn
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#dependsOn> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                    rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#relatedDecision> ;
                                                    rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                    rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Decision to another Decision that it depends on or requires as a prerequisite."@en ;
                                                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "depends on"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasAlternative
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasAlternative> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                         rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                         rdfs:seeAlso <https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#hasOption> ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links a Decision to a candidate Option that was considered
but not necessarily selected. Options can be any Element,
and standard options can be modelled as part of a
ReferenceArchitecture in the form of building blocks,
tactics, or patterns."""@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has alternative"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasDecision
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasDecision> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                      owl:inverseOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasIssue> ;
                                                      rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> ;
                                                      rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links an Issue to the Decision that addresses it."@en ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has decision"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasDecisionGoal
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasDecisionGoal> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                          rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                          rdfs:range <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept> ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links a Decision to its goal, related to the ADD concept
of iteration goal. The goal can also indicate the type of
decision, such as choosing a reference architecture, tactic,
or a combination of goals. Goals can be classified as concepts
and referred to in the Architecture Metamodel."""@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has decision goal"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasInfluence
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasInfluence> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                       rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                       rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#ForceInfluence> ;
                                                       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Qualifies how a Force influenced a Decision,
using an instance of ForceInfluence."""@en ;
                                                       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has influence"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasIssue
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasIssue> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                   rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                   rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Decision to the Issue that it is supposed to address."@en ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has issue"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasRequirement
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasRequirement> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                         owl:inverseOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#requestedByStakeholder> ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Stakeholder> ;
                                                         rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement> ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Stakeholder to a Requirement that they have requested."@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has requirement"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasRisk
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasRisk> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                  rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                  rdfs:range <http://schema.org/Thing> ;
                                                  <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Option to a risk associated with selecting it.
Risk is highly related to the level of uncertainty."""@en ;
                                                  <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "An Option for a novel technology carries a risk of insufficient community support."@en ;
                                                  <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has risk"@en ;
                                                  <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> """Capturing risks per option enables informed trade-off
analysis during the decision process."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasSelectedOption
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasSelectedOption> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                            rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                            rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                            <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links a Decision to the Option that was ultimately selected
as the chosen solution."""@en ;
                                                            <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has selected option"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#includesConcept
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#includesConcept> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                          rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/core#hasPart> ;
                                                          rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                          rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept> ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Specifies ModelConcepts such as Elements, Relationships,
and Viewpoints that are part of the Option."""@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "An Option for Shared Repository DBMS includes MySQL; another may include PostgreSQL; another MongoDB."@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "includes concept"@en ;
                                                          <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> """Options are composed of concrete model concepts that
together form the candidate solution."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#influencedByForce
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#influencedByForce> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                            rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                            rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                            <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links a Decision to the forces that actually influenced it.
Note that for a chosen Option we already have the forces being
addressed, but those are not quantified and we do not know what
pushed for that particular option other than the rationale."""@en ;
                                                            <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "influenced by"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#influencingForce
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#influencingForce> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                           rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> ;
                                                           rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Issue to forces that potentially influence it.
These may differ from the forces that actually drive
the final decision."""@en ;
                                                           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "influencing force"@en ;
                                                           <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> """This is different from influencedByForce in that
influencingForce captures potential forces recorded on an Issue
before a decision is made, whereas influencedByForce captures
the forces that actually drove the Decision."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#issueCausedBy
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#issueCausedBy> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                        rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> ;
                                                        rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element> ;
                                                        <http://schema.org/rangeIncludes> <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ,
                                                                                          <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Issue to the element that caused it. An Issue can
be caused by another Issue, a Decision, or any internal or
external Element such as a global environmental event or
change of strategy."""@en ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "issue caused by"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#issueOwner
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#issueOwner> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                     rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> ;
                                                     rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Stakeholder> ;
                                                     <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Issue to the Stakeholder who is responsible
for resolving it."""@en ;
                                                     <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "issue owner"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#issueReportedBy
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#issueReportedBy> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                          rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> ;
                                                          rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element> ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Issue to the entity that reported it. The reporter
can be a Stakeholder or any other Element such as a monitoring
system or audit process."""@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "issue reported by"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#justificationDocument
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#justificationDocument> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                                rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                                rdfs:range <http://schema.org/CreativeWork> ;
                                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "An externally documented architecture rationale that justifies the Decision."@en ;
                                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "justification document"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#makesUseConcept
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#makesUseConcept> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                          rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#affectsConcept> ;
                                                          rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                          rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept> ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Option to an existing ModelConcept that it reuses
without significant changes."""@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "An Option reuses the existing API Gateway without modification."@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "makes use of concept"@en ;
                                                          <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> """Distinguishes reuse from modification — the concept
satisfies the option as-is with only minor configuration."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#modifiesConcept
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#modifiesConcept> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                          rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#affectsConcept> ;
                                                          rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                          rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept> ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Option to a ModelConcept that would be modified
if the Option is selected."""@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "An Option modifies the existing Authentication Service to support OAuth 2.0."@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "modifies concept"@en ;
                                                          <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> "Captures elements that an option would change rather than add or remove."@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#onQualityAttribute
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#onQualityAttribute> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                             rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement> ;
                                                             rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#QualityAttribute> ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "hasMeasure"@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Relates a QualityAttributeRequirement to the QualityAttribute it constrains."@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "on quality attribute"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#opposingForce
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#opposingForce> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                        rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                        rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Force to another Force that opposes or conflicts with it."@en ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "A Security force may oppose a Usability force when strict authentication hinders user experience."@en ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "opposing force"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#pertainsTo
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#pertainsTo> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                     rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                     rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Consideration> ;
                                                     <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links a Decision to the architecture consideration
(stakeholder perspective, aspect, or concern) that it
addresses."""@en ;
                                                     <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "pertains to"@en ;
                                                     <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> """This way we may relate any Architecture Documentation
Consideration such as stakeholder perspectives (layers),
architecture aspects and concerns that are addressed by
specific viewpoints."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasArtifact
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasArtifact> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                      rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement> ;
                                                      <http://schema.org/rangeIncludes> <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element> ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The system artifact that is stimulated in the Quality
Attribute Scenario, such as a service, component,
or data store."""@en ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "QAS artifact"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasEnvironment
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasEnvironment> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement> ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The conditions under which the stimulus occurs,
such as normal operation, peak load, or degraded mode."""@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "QAS environment"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasResponse
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasResponse> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                      rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement> ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The activity or behavior the system exhibits in response to
the stimulus in the Quality Attribute Scenario."""@en ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "QAS response"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasResponseMeasure
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasResponseMeasure> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                             rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement> ;
                                                             <http://schema.org/rangeIncludes> <https://meta.linked.archi/core#QualityMeasure> ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The measurable criterion used to determine whether the
response satisfies the Quality Attribute Scenario."""@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "QAS response measure"@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> "Range includes arch:QualityMeasure but also simple text or other documentation."@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasSourceOfStimulus
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasSourceOfStimulus> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                              rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement> ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The entity (a human, a computer system, or any other actuator)
that generated the stimulus in a Quality Attribute Scenario."""@en ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "QAS source of stimulus"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasStimulus
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasStimulus> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                      rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement> ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The condition or event that triggers the Quality Attribute
Scenario, such as a user request, a fault, or an attack."""@en ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "QAS stimulus"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qualityAttributeMatch
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qualityAttributeMatch> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                                rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broadMatch> ,
                                                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#mappingRelation> ;
                                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Maps ontology concepts between domains, for example between Tactics and Quality Attributes."@en ;
                                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "quality attribute match"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#realizeRequirement
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#realizeRequirement> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                             rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element> ;
                                                             rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement> ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links an Element to a Requirement that it realizes or fulfills."@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "realize requirement"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#relatedConcept
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#relatedConcept> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                         rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept> ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links a Decision to a ModelConcept that is related to
or affected by the decision."""@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "related concept"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#relatedDecision
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#relatedDecision> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                          rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                          rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links a Decision to another related Decision,
indicating a general relationship between the two."""@en ;
                                                          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "related decision"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#removesConcept
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#removesConcept> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#affectsConcept> ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> ;
                                                         rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept> ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Links an Option to a ModelConcept that would be removed
from the architecture if the Option is selected."""@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "An Option removes the legacy batch-processing service."@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "removes concept"@en ;
                                                         <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> "Captures elements that an option would eliminate from the architecture."@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#replaces
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#replaces> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                   rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#relatedDecision> ;
                                                   rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                   rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Decision to a previous Decision that it supersedes."@en ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "replaces"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#requestedByStakeholder
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#requestedByStakeholder> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                                 rdfs:subPropertyOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#supportedByStakeholder> ;
                                                                 rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement> ;
                                                                 rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Stakeholder> ;
                                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Requirement to the Stakeholder who requested it."@en ;
                                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "requested by stakeholder"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#supportedByStakeholder
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#supportedByStakeholder> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                                                                 rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                                 rdfs:range <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Stakeholder> ;
                                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Links a Force to the Stakeholder who supports or champions it."@en ;
                                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "supported by stakeholder"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/core#hasPart
<https://meta.linked.archi/core#hasPart> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .


#################################################################
#    Data properties
#################################################################

###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasDifficultyMeasure
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasDifficultyMeasure> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                                                               rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement> ;
                                                               <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Quantifies the difficulty of realizing a Requirement,
measured by the impact and effort required. This measure can
be stated, but in reality it often depends on the available
Options. The less difficult the Requirement, the more
influence it might have on the overall solution."""@en ;
                                                               <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has difficulty measure"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasImpactFlexibility
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasImpactFlexibility> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                                                               rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                               <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Indicates the degree to which an architect could influence
or change the impact of this force."""@en ;
                                                               <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has impact flexibility"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasImpactMeasure
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasImpactMeasure> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                                                           rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Quantifies the general impact of a Force.
This impact results in a specific influence onto a decision."""@en ;
                                                           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has impact measure"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasImpactVolatility
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasImpactVolatility> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                                                              rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Indicates how much the impact of the force changes over time.
This can be measured by capturing the resulting influence on
concrete Issues and Decisions."""@en ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has impact volatility"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasImportanceMeasure
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasImportanceMeasure> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                                                               rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement> ;
                                                               <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Quantifies the importance of a Requirement, measured by the
value it creates for the business, a particular Stakeholder,
technology strategy, or Technical Debt reduction. The more
important the Requirement, the more influence it might have
on the overall solution."""@en ;
                                                               <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has importance measure"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasInfluenceMeasure
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#hasInfluenceMeasure> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                                                              rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#ForceInfluence> ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Quantifies the influence of a Force onto a Decision
via a ForceInfluence instance."""@en ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "has influence measure"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#justification
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#justification> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                                                        rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> ;
                                                        rdfs:range xsd:string ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "Architecture rationale text that justifies the Decision."@en ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "justification"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#problemStatement
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#problemStatement> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                                                           rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> ;
                                                           rdfs:range xsd:string ;
                                                           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "A textual description of the problem or concern that the Issue represents."@en ;
                                                           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "problem statement"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasDescription
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#qasDescription> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                                                         rdfs:domain <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement> ;
                                                         rdfs:range xsd:string ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Textual description of the Quality Attribute Scenario.
To qualify and distinguish different elements use the specific
QAS properties: [qasSourceOfStimulus](#qasSourceOfStimulus),
[qasStimulus](#qasStimulus), [qasEnvironment](#qasEnvironment),
[qasArtifact](#qasArtifact), [qasResponse](#qasResponse),
and [qasResponseMeasure](#qasResponseMeasure)."""@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "QAS description"@en .


#################################################################
#    Classes
#################################################################

###  http://schema.org/CreativeWork
<http://schema.org/CreativeWork> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  http://schema.org/Thing
<http://schema.org/Thing> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#BusinessConstraint
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#BusinessConstraint> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                             rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Constraint> ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """A business restriction on architecture options, such as
budget limits, regulatory compliance, or organizational
policies."""@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Business Constraint"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Constraint
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Constraint> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                     rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement> ;
                                                     <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "A restriction that limits architecture options."@en ;
                                                     <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Constraint"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Decision> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                   rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element> ;
                                                   rdfs:seeAlso <https://adr.github.io/> ,
                                                                <https://iasa-global.github.io/btabok/decisions.html> ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """An architecture decision that records a chosen course of action,
its rationale, and the forces and options considered during
the decision process."""@en ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> """ex:ADR-042 a ad:Decision ;
    skos:prefLabel \"ADR-042: Use read replicas for Orders DB scaling\"@en ;
    ad:hasIssue ex:DBScalabilityIssue ;
    ad:hasSelectedOption ex:ReadReplicas ;
    ad:hasAlternative ex:VerticalScaling, ex:CQRSOption ;
    ad:influencedByForce ex:AvailabilityReq, ex:PerformanceReq, ex:BudgetConstraint ;
    ad:relatedConcept ex:OrdersDB ;
    ad:justification \"Read replicas provide horizontal scaling without downtime.\"@en ."""@en ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Decision"@en ;
                                                   <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> """Aligned with the MADR (Markdown Any Decision Records) template structure:
Title, Status, Context, Decision, Consequences. Also compatible with Nygard-style ADRs
and the Y-statement format (In the context of X, facing Y, we decided Z)."""@en ;
                                                   <https://meta.linked.archi/core#mentionedIn> <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87879-7_14> ,
                                                                                                <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2015.08.054> ,
                                                                                                <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WICSA.2014.32> ,
                                                                                                <https://github.com/adr/madr> ,
                                                                                                <https://medium.com/olzzio/from-architectural-decisions-to-design-decisions-f05f6d57032b> ,
                                                                                                <https://www.ifs.hsr.ch/index.php?id=13191&L=4> .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#DecisionState
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#DecisionState> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                        rdfs:seeAlso <https://adr.github.io/madr/> ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The lifecycle state of an architecture decision,
such as proposed, accepted, deprecated, or superseded."""@en ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> """Common states: Proposed, Accepted, Deprecated, Superseded.
Compatible with MADR status values."""@en ;
                                                        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Decision State"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element> ;
                                                rdfs:seeAlso <https://iasa-global.github.io/btabok/decisions.html> ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """An architecture force — also referred to as an architecture
driver (as in ADD) or motivation — that influences architecture
decisions. The name Force is chosen as a more generic term that
encompasses all factors influencing decisions, distinguishing it
from the narrower meaning of Driver or Motivation."""@en ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> """ex:BudgetConstraint a ad:BusinessConstraint ;
    skos:prefLabel \"Infrastructure Budget Limit\"@en ;
    skos:definition \"Monthly infrastructure cost must not exceed €15,000.\"@en ;
    ad:supportedByStakeholder ex:PlatformTeamLead ;
    ad:hasImportanceMeasure \"high\" ."""@en ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Force"@en ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> """The term \"Force\" comes from the software architecture literature
(Bass, Clements, Kazman) where \"architectural forces\" is the established term
for all influences on architecture decisions. See DD-12 in
doc/guide/design-decisions.md."""@en ;
                                                <https://meta.linked.archi/core#mentionedIn> <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.18> .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#ForceInfluence
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#ForceInfluence> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                         rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/core#QualifiedRelationship> ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """A qualified relationship that describes the influence of a
Force onto a Decision. Used with the hasInfluence relationship."""@en ;
                                                         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Force Influence"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#FunctionalRequirement
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#FunctionalRequirement> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement> ;
                                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "A requirement specifying a function the system must perform."@en ;
                                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Functional Requirement"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Impact
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Impact> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The effect that a decision or option has on model concepts.
Used with the affects relationship in the core ontology when
linking ModelConcepts."""@en ;
                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Impact"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#ImpendingInfluence
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#ImpendingInfluence> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                             rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#ForceInfluence> ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "An influence that opposes or hinders a decision option."@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Impending Influence"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Issue> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element> ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "DecisionRequired"@en ,
                                                                                               "Problem"@en ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """A problem or concern that requires an architecture decision.
An Issue can be associated with any model concept and is also
referred to as a Problem or a Decision-Required statement."""@en ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> """ex:ScalabilityIssue a ad:Issue ;
    skos:prefLabel \"Database cannot handle peak load\"@en ;
    ad:problemStatement \"Current PostgreSQL instance reaches 95% CPU during Black Friday sales\"@en ;
    ad:issueOwner ex:SolutionArchitect ."""@en ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Issue"@en ;
                                                <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> """Issue is any problem that needs a decision to be resolved.
It can be mapped to an abstract component where a more concrete
implementation needs to be provided, or when an actual issue
occurs that needs to be tackled. An Issue can represent,
for example, an issue inside your issue-tracking software."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Iteration
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Iteration> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                    rdfs:seeAlso <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/library/asset-view.cfm?assetID=8147> ,
                                                                 <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/library/asset-view.cfm?assetid=513813> ;
                                                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """An iteration in the Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) process,
grouping a set of related decisions and their goals."""@en ;
                                                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> """ex:ADDIteration1 a ad:Iteration ;
    skos:prefLabel \"ADD Iteration 1 — Establish Overall Structure\"@en ;
    ad:hasDecisionGoal ex:SelectReferenceArchitecture ;
    ad:hasDecision ex:ADR-001, ex:ADR-002 ."""@en ;
                                                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Iteration"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Option> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                 rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element> ;
                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """A candidate solution considered during the architecture
decision process. Each Option addresses one or more forces
and may include elements, tactics, or patterns."""@en ;
                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> """ex:Option1 a ad:Option ;
    skos:prefLabel \"Vertical scaling — upgrade to larger instance\"@en ;
    ad:addressesForce ex:PerformanceReq ;
    ad:includesConcept ex:LargerDBInstance .
ex:Option2 a ad:Option ;
    skos:prefLabel \"Horizontal scaling — read replicas\"@en ;
    ad:addressesForce ex:PerformanceReq, ex:AvailabilityReq ;
    ad:addsConcept ex:ReadReplica1, ex:ReadReplica2 ."""@en ;
                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Option"@en ;
                                                 <https://meta.linked.archi/core#mentionedIn> <https://github.com/adr/madr> .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#PersonalPreference
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#PersonalPreference> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                             rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """Someone's personal preference. Often not mentioned,
but important to take into consideration as a force
influencing architecture decisions."""@en ;
                                                             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Personal Preference"@en ;
                                                             <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> """PersonalPreference might not be an officially used
architecture force, but often is the one that drives many
decisions especially if that preference is held by a very
important Stakeholder."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Policy
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Policy> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                 rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "An organizational policy that constrains architecture decisions."@en ;
                                                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Policy"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Principle
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Principle> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                    rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                    rdfs:seeAlso <https://eaonapage.com/> ,
                                                                 <https://iasa-global.github.io/btabok/principles.html> ;
                                                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """A qualitative statement of intent that should be met by
the architecture. It has at least a supporting rationale
and a measure of importance."""@en ;
                                                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Principle"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttributeRequirement> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                                      rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement> ;
                                                                      rdfs:seeAlso <https://iasa-global.github.io/btabok/qatt_card.html> ,
                                                                                   <https://iasa-global.github.io/btabok/quality_attributes.html> ,
                                                                                   <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/TechnicalReport/2000_005_001_13706.pdf> ,
                                                                                   <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/library/asset-view.cfm?assetid=513807> ;
                                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """
A requirement on a specific [QualityAttribute](#QualityAttribute).
Quality Attribute Requirements are described using Quality Attribute Scenarios.
To model QAS use the properties:

* [qasDescription](#qasDescription)
* [qasSourceOfStimulus](#qasSourceOfStimulus)
* [qasStimulus](#qasStimulus)
* [qasEnvironment](#qasEnvironment)
* [qasArtifact](#qasArtifact)
* [qasResponse](#qasResponse)
* [qasResponseMeasure](#qasResponseMeasure)

Quality Attribute Requirements are tightly related to Technical Debt. Not addressing
these software quality forces will increase the Technical Debt, which in turn will
increase the force itself and also the cost to address that force later on.
    """@en ;
                                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> """ex:AvailabilityReq a ad:QualityAttributeRequirement ;
    skos:prefLabel \"Payment Service Availability Under Peak Load\"@en ;
    ad:onQualityAttribute iso25010:Availability ;
    ad:qasSourceOfStimulus \"External users\"@en ;
    ad:qasStimulus \"Black Friday peak load (10x normal traffic)\"@en ;
    ad:qasEnvironment \"Normal operation, all regions active\"@en ;
    ad:qasArtifact ex:PaymentService ;
    ad:qasResponse \"Service continues processing transactions\"@en ;
    ad:qasResponseMeasure \"99.95% uptime, p99 latency < 500ms\"@en ."""@en ;
                                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Quality Attribute Requirement"@en ;
                                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> """Based on the Quality Attribute Scenario (QAS) structure from
Bass, Clements, Kazman \"Software Architecture in Practice\":
Source of Stimulus → Stimulus → Environment → Artifact → Response → Response Measure."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Requirement> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                      rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "A statement of need that drives architecture decisions."@en ;
                                                      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Requirement"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#SupportingInfluence
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#SupportingInfluence> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                              rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#ForceInfluence> ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> "An influence that supports or favors a decision option."@en ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Supporting Influence"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#TechnicalConstraint
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#TechnicalConstraint> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                              rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Constraint> ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """A technical restriction on implementation choices, such as
mandated technologies or platform limitations."""@en ;
                                                              <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Technical Constraint"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Trend
<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Trend> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                rdfs:subClassOf <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#Force> ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """A general direction in which something is developing or
changing. This can be a generic technology trend or specific
to the domain of interest."""@en ;
                                                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Trend"@en ;
                                                <https://meta.linked.archi/core#rationale> """Trend might not be an officially used architecture force,
but often is the one that drives many decisions especially
in young and less strict organizations."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/core#Consideration
<https://meta.linked.archi/core#Consideration> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element
<https://meta.linked.archi/core#Element> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept
<https://meta.linked.archi/core#ModelConcept> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/core#QualifiedRelationship
<https://meta.linked.archi/core#QualifiedRelationship> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/core#QualityAttribute
<https://meta.linked.archi/core#QualityAttribute> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/core#Stakeholder
<https://meta.linked.archi/core#Stakeholder> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#Pattern
<https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#Pattern> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#ReferenceArchitecture
<https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#ReferenceArchitecture> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#Tactic
<https://meta.linked.archi/ref-arch#Tactic> rdf:type owl:Class .


#################################################################
#    Individuals
#################################################################

###  https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#AdversarialRobustness
:AdversarialRobustness rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute> ;
                       <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> <https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05239> ;
                       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The degree to which an ML model maintains correct behavior
when subjected to adversarial inputs — deliberately crafted perturbations
designed to cause misclassification. Includes robustness against evasion
attacks, data poisoning, and model extraction."""@en ;
                       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Adversarial Robustness"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#DataPrivacy
:DataPrivacy rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                      <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute> ;
             <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> <https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05239> ;
             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The degree to which an ML system protects the privacy of
individuals whose data was used for training. Includes resistance
to model inversion attacks, membership inference attacks, and
training data memorization."""@en ;
             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Data Privacy (ML)"@en ;
             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> "Extends general privacy concerns with ML-specific attack vectors."@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#Explainability
:Explainability rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                         <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute> ;
                <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> <https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05239> ;
                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The degree to which an ML model's predictions can be understood,
interpreted, and communicated to stakeholders. Includes local explanations
(why this specific prediction) and global explanations (how the model
generally behaves). Critical for regulatory compliance (GDPR Article 22),
stakeholder trust, and debugging."""@en ;
                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Explainability"@en ;
                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> "Also known as Interpretability. Related to Trustworthiness."@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#Fairness
:Fairness rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute> ;
          <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> <https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05239> ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The degree to which an ML model treats individuals or groups
equitably, without systematic discrimination based on protected attributes.
Includes demographic parity, equalized odds, and individual fairness
metrics."""@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Fairness"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#MLMonitorability
:MLMonitorability rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                           <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute> ;
                  <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The degree to which an ML model's production behavior can be
observed, measured, and alerted on. Includes prediction distribution
monitoring, feature drift detection, data quality checks, and
serving performance tracking."""@en ;
                  <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "ML Monitorability"@en ;
                  <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote> """Identified by Lewis et al. (2021) as a new quality attribute
concern specific to ML-enabled systems."""@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#ModelFreshness
:ModelFreshness rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                         <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute> ;
                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The degree to which an ML model reflects current real-world
conditions. Inversely related to model staleness — a model trained
on old data may not capture recent distribution shifts."""@en ;
                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Model Freshness"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#Reproducibility
:Reproducibility rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                          <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute> ;
                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The degree to which an ML experiment or training run can be
exactly reproduced given the same data, code, and configuration.
Requires versioning of data, code, hyperparameters, and environment."""@en ;
                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Reproducibility"@en .


###  https://meta.linked.archi/ml-systems/quality-attributes#Trustworthiness
:Trustworthiness rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                          <https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#QualityAttribute> ;
                 <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source> <https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05239> ;
                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition> """The degree to which stakeholders can rely on an ML system's
predictions and behavior. A composite quality attribute encompassing
explainability, fairness, robustness, privacy, and accountability."""@en ;
                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel> "Trustworthiness"@en .


#################################################################
#    Annotations
#################################################################

<https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#> <http://creativecommons.org/ns#license> "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" ;
                                           <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> """Extension ontology for modeling architecture decisions,
the issues that trigger them, candidate options,
influencing forces (requirements, constraints, trends),
and the rationale linking forces to chosen options.
Use this extension when you need to capture decision records,
trace forces to options, or integrate with ADD-style
iterative decision processes."""@en ;
                                           <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher> <https://linked.archi> ,
                                                                                       "Linked.Archi"@en ;
                                           <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "Linked.Archi Architecture Decision Ontology"@en ;
                                           <http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract> "Ontology for modeling architecture decisions, issues, options, forces, and their relationships."@en ;
                                           <http://purl.org/dc/terms/created> "2020-07-27"^^xsd:date ;
                                           <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> "Kalin Maldzhanski" ;
                                           <http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued> "2020-07-27"^^xsd:date ;
                                           <http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified> "2026-04-16"^^xsd:date ;
                                           <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status> "draft" ;
                                           <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix> "ad" ;
                                           <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri> "https://meta.linked.archi/arch-decision#" ;
                                           <http://schema.org/citation> "Linked.Archi Architecture Decision Ontology" ;
                                           rdfs:seeAlso <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87879-7_14> ,
                                                        <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2015.08.054> ,
                                                        <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WICSA.2014.32> ,
                                                        <https://github.com/adr/madr> ,
                                                        <https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/library/asset-view.cfm?assetID=8147> ;
                                           owl:versionInfo "0.0.5"@en .


###  Generated by the OWL API (version 5.1.18) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi/